The following response to the recent post on Indentures of Apprenticeship - Livingston County, Kentucky 1866 has been provided by Janet Hawkins (hawkinsjk1@gmail.com). Information about the Coker family appears in her master's thesis,
Slavery, Emancipation, and Afterward. A Chronicle of the African Americans
of Crittenden and Livingston Counties, Kentucky, to 1939, George Mason
University, Fairfax, VA, 2004.
Ties between white slave-owners and former slaves often endured generations
after Emancipation, especially in cases involving mixed-race children. A
Livingston County, Kentucky Court Order Book M (see
28 August 2014 post) entry illustrates the complexity of race relations in post-Civil War
Kentucky:
Adeline, a free Mulatto, bound as an apprentice to Ann E. Coker until 6
March 1874, when Adeline will be 18 years old, to learn the art & mystery of
a spinster. [Bk M:132, 4 June 1866]
Adeline Coker (7 March 1854 - 2 October 1944) was the daughter of Daniel
Coker, a Caucasian slave-owner and the husband of the Ann E. Coker mentioned
above, and Manda Coker, an enslaved black woman. The 1860 U.S. Population
Census, Slave Schedule, for Livingston County lists Daniel Coker as the owner of
a 22-year-old black female, a 6-year-old mulatto female, and a 2-year-old black male.
Adeline Coker married Edward Crawford at Mrs. Coker's house on 26 December
1879, five years after her apprenticeship had ended.(2)
According to Addie Bell Crawford(3), Adeline Coker’s granddaughter,
Daniel Coker made provisions for Adeline to receive a portion of his Salem
property after he died. Addie Bell inherited this land from her father, James
Crawford, in 1961(4), and lived on this land her entire life.
Addie Bell also stated that Adeline’s white half-brother, Charlie Coker,
occasionally paid social visits to his half-sister and her family.
Whether Manda Coker remained in contact with Daniel or Ann Coker after
Emancipation is currently unknown. Prior to 1870, she married a black Civil War
veteran named Jordan Caldwell and resided in Smithland, Livingston County, in
1880.(5)
(1) Death Certificate, Adeline Crawford, Livingston Co., KY.
(2) Livingston County, KY Marriage Bonds: Negroes and Mulattoes, Microfilm
#997708.
(3) Personal Interview with Addie Bell Crawford, 2002.
(4) Livingston County, KY Will Book D, Microfilm #997691, 581.